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Wīwī/Sea Rush Juncus krausii

Native. Not threatened.

As with some other rushes, the Māori name for this species is lumped together under Wīwī. In this Ramsar site, it is the most common species, but in the salt marsh area it endures competition, some native, some exotic and is only encountered infrequently.

 

There are presently none of these plants in the Dune Garden, but it is found in ephemeral dune wetlands at a number of points along this coast and is widespread throughout Aotearoa New Zealand in various saltwater habitats.

It is also found throughout Australia, Southern Africa and South America and because the stems are fibrous they are used by indigenous Australians and the Zulu people of South African to make sleeping mats, baskets and crafts. Even in some areas, fishing line. Because of this usefulness, it is cultivated and managed to ensure a regular supply.

 

Little used here in Aotearoa New Zealand as the endemic Harakeke/New Zealand Flax is a readily available fibre and has a greater range of uses because of its larger size and superior strength.

 

iNaturalist-Juncus kraussii

NZPCN-Juncus kraussii australiensis

Oioi
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Oioi/Jointed Wire  Rush Apodasmia similis

Endemic. Not threatened.

 

This is a common rush throughout the Estuary and dune wetlands of this coast, indeed around much of Aotearoa New Zealand. Oioi is dioecious, which means it has gender and unlike many species, the sex of each plant is visible without the need of a microscope.

 

It can grow very densely, so that there is seldom room for other vegetation amongst the stems of any cluster. One downside of this is that Oioi can crowd out smaller species, as part of natural succession processes. Because it can be colourful, Oioi is used widely nationally as an ornamental plant, such on the walk between the international and domestic terminals at Auckland airport.

NZPCN-Apodasmia similis

iNaturalist-Apodasmia similis

Purua Grass
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Purua Grass Bolboschoenus caldwellii

Native. Not threatened.

 

Also known by its alternative name of Caldwell's Club Rush this is an annual grass, which in winter dies down leaving only the detritus from the past summer’s growth. It occupies a large area of the salt marsh immediately south of Sunset Walkway and is the dominant species that is easily visible from the viewing platform on Darwick Street throughout summer and autumn.

It is a coastal-loving species associated with Estuaries and lowland saline areas and in some locations can occur in pasture bordering its favoured habitat. It is also found in Australia.

The main spike bares three to six red-brown spikelets which develop tiny flowers between October and January. A nut-like fruit appears between December and May which, because of the volume produced soon creates dense patched. They are believed to be dispersed mainly by water but also by wind.

 

NZPCN-Bolboschoenus caldwellii

 

iNaturalist-353857

knobby club rush
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Wiwi/Knobby Club Rush Ficinia nodosa

Native. Not threatened.

 

Wiwi is a common rush around the southern hemisphere. It is one of several species labelled under the same moniker. Growing in xeric (dry) dunes as well as in wetland and estuarine situations,

​Although a mainly coastal species it has been recorded at altitudes up to 700m above sea level. It is a tough plant - often the last remaining native species before being swamped by exotics.

 

White flowers appear from September to December and fruits between November and May. When ripe, the nuts are thought to be dispersed by wind.

NZPCN-Ficinia nodosa

iNaturalist-Ficinia nodosa

 

coastalrestorationtrust-wiwi

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