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Retoreto/Red Azolla  Azolla rubra
Native. Not assessed.

This is perhaps Aotearoa New Zealand's most unusual species of fern is as much as it is entirely aquatic, being found on ponds, slow-flowing streams and ditches.


It is found throughout both Islands but has predominantly been replaced in Northland by an introduced Australian species. Also, found throughout the Pacific reaching as far as India.

As can be seen from the photograph it can form dense patches which can cover entire areas. Usually brick red or glaucous green it produces spores which are dispersed either by wind, water or by attaching themselves to anything that move through their environment.


NZPCN-Azolla rubra

iNaturalist-Red Azolla
azolla
P1010023.JPG
Rauarahu/Austral Bracken  Pteridium esculentum
Native. Not threatened

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Thought by many to be the bracken of the Northern Hemisphere it is in fact native to parts of Southeast Asia, the Islands, Australia and New Zealand and is easily distinguished from its northern cousin by its more delicate foliage.

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It is a fairly robust plant which grows from underground rhizomes and spreads quickly in disturbed ground to the extent that it can quickly become a serious pest.

 

As can be seen in the photograph the frond are upright and are triangular when fully open.

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It is said that this species is less toxic to stock than other species but can still prove detrimental if eaten over long periods. Rhizomes are reputed to be edible.

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NZPCN-Pteridium esculentum​

bracken
spleenwort
Petako/Sickle Spleenwort  Asplenium polyodon​
Native. Not threatened.

This is a species of fern that prefers either full or partial shade and is frequently found in woodland.

In the region plants can be found in the pine plantations that border the Estuary with the odd plant being located further into the dunes that have a covering of vegetation, usually non-native.

Occurring throughout most areas of Aotearoa New Zealand but mostly in western areas of the South Island. Although not threatened nationally, it has a regional classification of naturally uncommon for Otago. It is also to be found in Australia, Pacific Islands, Indo-Malaysia and Madagascar.

Spores which are bourn on the underside of the leaves are dispersed by wind.


NZPCN-Sickle Spleenwort
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